In order to test the procedure and communication system to be used in case of large-scale oil spills and other maritime accidents, the NOWPAP BRAVOs (Communication Exercise) have been conducted twice a year from 2008 to 2016 and once per year since 2017 as agreed at the 20th MERRAC FPM and the 12th CNA Meeting. The following NOWPAP BRAVO exercises have been conducted;